Can bariatric surgery induce hypertension?

By reducing the size of the stomach or by-passing a portion of the small intestine, bariatric surgery is a surgical procedure that aids obese individuals in losing weight. Concerns have been raised about this surgery’s potential to induce hypertension, also known as elevated blood pressure, despite the fact that it has been shown to be effective in promoting weight loss and boosting overall health. Hypertension is a chronic condition that can result in severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, and renal disease. Consequently, it is essential to investigate whether bariatric surgery can in fact induce hypertension.

Several studies have examined the association between bariatric surgery and hypertension. One study published in the Journal of Hypertension revealed that bariatric surgery significantly reduced the blood pressure of obese hypertensive patients. The researchers observed that after the surgery, the patients’ blood pressure levels decreased, and many were able to discontinue their antihypertensive medications. These findings suggest that bariatric surgery may have a beneficial influence on hypertensive patients’ blood pressure control.

Several studies, however, have documented an increase in the prevalence of hypertension following bariatric surgery. Within two years of undergoing bariatric surgery, a significant number of patients developed hypertension, according to a study published in the journal Obesity Surgery. The researchers hypothesized that this increase in hypertension could be a result of weight regain or alterations in body composition following surgery. Noting that this study had a relatively small sample size, additional research is required to validate these results.

It is important to note that preexisting hypertension risk factors, such as age, heredity, and lifestyle choices, also play a significant role in the development of hypertension after bariatric surgery. Those with a family history of hypertension or who engage in hazardous behaviors such as smoking or excessive alcohol consumption may be at an increased risk of developing hypertension after surgery. Before recommending bariatric surgery to patients, it is imperative that medical professionals evaluate these risk factors.

The relationship between bariatric surgery and hypertension is complex and requires additional research. Some studies suggest that bariatric surgery can enhance blood pressure control in individuals with preexisting hypertension, while others indicate an increased risk of developing hypertension after surgery. Before and after bariatric surgery, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to meticulously monitor blood pressure and resolve any risk factors for hypertension. In order for patients to make well-informed decisions regarding their health, they should also be apprised of the potential risks and benefits of the procedure.